Archive for October, 2010

archaeological history

Watch Indian evidence that people in what was living, is now Pennsylvania since at least 10,000 of British Columbia. The first settlers were Paleo-Indian nomadic hunters known for their stone tools. Hunter-gatherers of the Archaic period, which ran locally from 7000A to 1000A British Columbia, used a variety of sophisticated stone artifacts. The Woodland period marked the gradual transition to semi-permanent villages and horticulture, between 1000A 1500A BC and AD. Archaeological evidence found evidence in the state of that time, a number of types and styles of pottery, grave mound, pipes, bows and arrows, and ornaments. plan

Park and occupy their facilities

Historical records show that the first known inhabitants of the West Branch Susquehanna River Drainage Basin, which includes Cherry Springs State Park, the Iroquois-speaking Susquehannock were. They have a matriarchal society that lived along in big houses in fortified villages. Decimated by disease and wars with the Five Nations of the Iroquois, they had disappeared by 1675a moved away, or have been assimilated into other tribes. Another name for the tribe, “Susquehanna,” and the river and Susquehannock state forests, which are almost completely surrounds the park named for them.

After the departure of the Susquehannock, the land of the West Branch Susquehanna Valley under the nominal control of the Iroquois, who lived in long houses, especially in today’s New York State and had a strong confederation them power over their numbers. Seneca, members of the Iroquois Confederacy, in the range of what is now hunted Cherry Springs State Park. Their nearest villages were 51A miles (82 km) northeast of Painted Post Modern, New York and 43 miles (69A km) southeast of what is now Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. The Seneca had temporary hunting camps in the eastern region of Pine Creek Gorge. To fill the gap left by the disappearance of the Susquehannock, Iroquois also encouraged displaced tribes from the East to the West Branch watershed, including the Lenape (or Delaware) and Shawnee.

The Seneca allows only very few travelers, the region and conserved non-Aboriginal settlement to cross to a minimum. The French and Indian War (17541763), the migration of many Indians to the west into the Ohio River Basin, more party after the American Revolution (17751783) out. The United States acquired the latest purchase, including what is now Springs State Park, the Iroquois in the second Treaty of Fort Stanwix in October Cherry 1784th In the following years almost exclusively Native Americans Pennsylvania.

pioneers and wood

Potter County was formed from part of Lycoming County, next to 26 March 1804, but the difficult terrain and dense forest prevented the former New County from European Americans to be paid to 1808. Before the arrival of William Penn and his Quaker colonists in 1682 to -90 percent of what is now Pennsylvania was covered with wood: more than 31,000 square miles (80,000 km2), white pine, hemlock and mixed hardwoods. Forest and near the three original counties were Philadelphia, Bucks, Chester, and the first crop of early settlers used it as the wood and cleared land for agriculture. At the time of the American Revolution, the recording reached the inland and mountain regions and has become a leading industry in Pennsylvania. Trees for fuel for heating, furnished apartments of tannin tanning for many of the state, and wood for construction, furniture and barrels. Vast forest areas were harvested by Colliers iron furnaces fire. Rifle butts and shingles were made of wood from Pennsylvania, and a wide range of household appliances and first Conestoga wagon.

The CCC built this replica of the Cherry Springs Hotel, a tavern built in 1818 by Jonathan Edgcombe.

The surrounding Cherry Springs State Park has a desert for much of its history. A towpath was cut through the forest in 18061807 and was extended to accommodate the cars in 1812. (Modern Pennsylvania Route 44 which crosses the park, follows the course of the street between Jersey Shore and Coudersport.) 1818A in the Ceres Land Company which open a lot of land in Potter County and attempted possession of the region to colonization, has one of the first settlers, Jonathan Edgcombe hired to build a hotel or a tavern for travelers on the grounds of the park. The hotel was in a place very far south miles 16A (26A km) of Coudersport, and the visitors just a few, occasional travelers and nomadic Indians.

Edgcombe and his wife were -100 hectares (-40 hectares) of land in return for the construction of the hotel and it works for three years. When the contract expired in 1821, they sold their land and left the area, but the hotel and the country that had allowed Edgcombe, became known as “exchange of Edgcombe. The coast of New Jersey Turnpike and Coudersport was on the way between Auto 1825Â and 1834 built and collected tolls for traveling on the road to 1860. The park is located in West Branch Township, which was selected by Eulalia Township in 1856. A post office in the year was opened in 1873 compensation Edgcombe asked people of the United States Postal Office to change the name “Cherryville”, a group of trees in the vicinity of black cherries. However, ‘it was a post office Cherryville, Pennsylvania, in Lehigh Township, Northampton County, the name “Cherry Spring” was a compromise chosen . After an “s” was added, hence the name “Cherry Springs.” There are at least two springs in the parks.

In 1874Â a new, larger hotel on the opposite side of the road built from the tavern origin . It provided accommodation for holiday-rich Coudersport. This part of the Potter County is known for its abundance of game and fish, and went hunting and fishing, which stayed at the Cherry Springs Hotel. This time the “sportsman’s paradise” was not to last as the most profitable timber industry came West Branch and surrounding communities who have “some of the highest wood left to stand straight” allowed along the east coast of the United States.

If logger reaches of Cherry Springs in the late 1880s, white pine and hemlock covered the surrounding hills. Lumberjacks the trees are harvested and brought the bays of West Branch Susquehanna River to Susquehanna rising and sawmills in Williamsport. Clearcutting has mud on waterways throttle, and there is nothing to was out of the dried tips of trees, a fire hazard was left. As a result, large tracts of land left scorched and barren, and much of the central part of the state was known as the “Pennsylvania Desert”. Cherry Springs Hotel burned themselves in 1897Â and the property has been abandoned .

Civilian Conservation Corps

As the timber was exhausted and burnt earth, while many companies are simply abandoned their farms adopted. 1897Â In Pennsylvania General Assembly passed a law that the purchase approved “countries overthrown for Forest Reserves and the first Pennsylvania forests acquired the following year. The first reason the Susquehannock state forest was acquired in 1901, has added the cost of major acquisitions in the average of 0.50 per acre (0.18 A per ha). This is about one hectare (7a / ha) in 2010 terms. In 2003 Susquehannock State Forest, which almost completely surrounds the park covered 265 000 acres (107,000 ha), particularly in Potter County with small . Bands in Clinton and McKean counties

“The greatest and unique picnic pavilions built CCC” in Pennsylvania was built in 1939

Hello. roadside , to low. astronomy field side

Park traces its existence back to 1922 when the Forestry Department in Pennsylvania has three natural areas in national forests created as part of a “plan to preserve their natural beauty.” One was the 6.5-mile (10.5A km) Cherry Springs Scenic Drive along the old highway Coudersport-Jersey Shore. That same year, a 16 “Class B” public campgrounds in state forests at Cherry Springs Drive. [B] These are Campsites free for public use and all aircraft drinking water, picnic tables, a fireplace, garbage can and a latrine. The country in which the hotel was purchased by the government session in 1932.

How many State parks in north central Pennsylvania, has worked the development of facilities at Cherry Springs, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), a work relief program for young men from unemployed families. Founded in 1933 in a part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal legislation was developed, the CCC to fight against unemployment during the Great Depression. It works in every U.S. state and has ten CCC camps in Susquehannock State Forest, eight were in Potter County.

Cherry Springs was the home of CCC Camp S-136 Pa, which was created May 27 1933 1936a on the history of the camp. [sic] A festive procession. Thanks to the efforts of registered users [REC] Cherry Springs Park, a former clearing in the park by the people of Potter County can be proud has been transformed “the original tavern was built as a shooting range, picnic tables and shelters, roads and footpaths . The young men of the CCC camps worked for the clearing of forests as a measure of fire protection. After crossing the forests planted stands of spruce and pine, white and an apple orchard. Camp-Pa-136 closed July 10, 1937.
The picnic pavilion other CCC-roofing a hexagonal and is located at the campsite.

The men of CCC Camp S-88-Pa, near Lyman Run in Potter County based, were also active in the park. In 1939 they built a structure at Cherry Springs is “the largest and unique picnic pavilions CCC-built” in the state, and is on the National Register of Historic Places listed. pavilion overlooking PA Route 44A and H-shaped, with two partially enclosed structures (the vertical lines of the H) connected by a breezeway (horizontal bar). The walkway is a roof of eight columns of newsprint paper supported by a wooden railing. The ends of the flag are derived from log walls with white constipation, such as log cabins together. Each end has a large opening to the breezeway into a wall while the other three pages full of a large window in the wall facing the street, a fireplace and chimney on the opposite wall and a door windows included are flanked on the wall opposite the sidewalk.

1984a A survey of state parks of Pennsylvania found the “three picnic pavilions, latrines and their allies” in the Cherry Springs’ typical everyday use the built smaller areas of the CCC . “These houses are examples used for rustic style of the CCC built in public parks during the Great Depression. Local materials were in a way, thus minimizing the impact on the natural environment, and in a manner that the Appalachian style of the building of settlements pioneer.

In addition to the two camps was like CCC actively Park, Cherry Springs was also home to Camp Elliott, from the Pennsylvania Department of Water and Forests (forerunner of the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR)) for students and others were given unemployed men. In 1935a, they built an airport, Cherry Springs Intermediate Field, north of the park. The 40-hectare (ha 16A) The airport operator was built for emergency landings and later small airport. In 1936a he had a grass runway led with dimensions 2400 of 500 feet (730 by 150 m) and a hangar. The United States entry into World War to the end of the CCC and all camps were closed until the summer of 1942.

modern The park has several names over the years had, beginning with its creation as 1922a “Cherry Springs Scenic Drive” and “Cherry Springs Campground public” Class B “. The official show 1941a Pennsylvania Department of Highways map of Potter County is “Cherry Springs State Park. On 11 November 1954, Pennsylvania Geographic Board officially named “Cherry Springs State Forest picnic area. 1984a history Forrey Pennsylvania State Parks and the application form 1986a NRHP always used this name with, but Forrey said he was Cupper our priceless heritage 1993a” under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of State Parks. “Pennsylvania State Parks is 18931993 refers her as” Cherry Springs State Park, and that remains the official name of 2009.

, the park

to see in the post-war period, the park has long been primarily for its isolated location and primitive tent sites known. In August, it hosted the first Carnival 1952a of the woodcutter, an annual celebration of the forestry industry, which was active again in the second growth of forests in the region. The festival, originally sponsored by the Penn Club of York logger, features lumberjack competitions as a reminder of the past, as well as presentations of new equipment. In 1987a Galeton Rotary Club took over sponsorship, and named the event Lumberjack Show in 1990.

were honored in the 1980s, the CCC and its work in the park. Cherry Springs State Park was one of many to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the Civilian Conservation Corps with a meeting of the CCC in the summer of 1983. On 11 May 1987 listed the Cherry Springs Picnic Pavilion on the NRHP. None of the other CCC structures in the park still has its historic integrity enough to be included in the NRHP maintained.

Cherry Springs has begun to win the astronomers in the early 1990s. 1999a in the “Dark Sky Fund” was created and continues: “the experience of the stars and astronomy to improve” by funding improvements to the park. In 2000 Cherry Springs was officially named Dark Sky Park “by the DCNR, and the same year he was part of the complex Hills Creek State Park, an administrative grouping of eight state parks in the counties of Potter and Tioga. The headquarters is located near Cherry Springs State Park Lyman Run. The National Public Observatory have taken “the pilot program for the Stars-n-park” in April 2001. DCNR acquired the Cherry Springs, 2006a, “about the scene and leave Dark Sky more programming options” in the park and its closure in 2007. On 11 June 2008 using the name “International Dark-Sky Association Cherry Springs State Park, the second International Dark Sky Park”.

Geology and climate (The first Natural Bridges National Monument in Utah.) Was
to 1938A Air Park Airport, PA 44, West Branch Pine Creek and Hopper House Run

Cherry Springs State Park is located at an altitude of 2,300 feet (701A m) above sea level, above on the Allegheny Plateau and near the border ice. “The Appalachian Plateau and were all trained in mountain building Alleghenian million 300A years ago, when Gondwana (especially what later Africa) and what is collided now North America and form Pangea Although the mountain region seems, these mountains are not true. Millions of years of erosion of this plateau have made preparation, so that the “mountain” terrain today. The most difficult part of the ancient rocks on his back, while softer rocks eroded valleys education.

The park is in the catchment area of the West Branch Pine Creek where the rocks under-predicate are mainly conglomerate, sandstone and slate. Two large rock formations in Cherry Springs State Park are both at least part of the Carboniferous. The youngest of them, the most points in the park the start of the Pennsylvania Pottsville Formation , a conglomerate may include gray sandstone, siltstone and shale and anthracite. The lower formation Upper Devonian and Early History Mississippian Huntley Mountain Formation, which consists of gray shale and red sandstone is relatively soft olive-gray. Outside of the park’s Creek was red in the Devonian Catskill Sandstone cut.

The Allegheny Plateau has a continental climate, with sometimes very low winter temperatures and average daily temperature ranges from -20 F (11 C to) in winter and 26, a F (14 C to) in the summer. The average annual rainfall for the basin of West Branch Pine Creek 40 to 42 inches (1016 to 1067 mm) is. January is the coldest month at Cherry Springs, July is the warmest and wettest June The highest temperature was recorded at Park 94A F (C 34A) in 1966 and the lowest was 28A F (33.3Â C) 1963.

climate data for Cherry Springs State Park

Month January February

March April

October November December

Average high F (C)

29

(-1.7) br

34
(1,1)

42

(5,6)

56 (13.3)

67 (19.4)

75

(23.9)

78 (25.6)

77

(25)

69 (20.6)

58

(14, 4)

45

(7 , 2)

33

(0.6)

Average low F (C)

br 13
(-10.6)

15

(-9.4)

23 (-5)

33

(0.6)

43

(6.1)

51 (10.6)

54

(12.2)

53 (11.7)

47

(8.3)

37

(2,8)

28

(-2.2)

18

(- 7.8)

Precipitation inches (mm)

2, 47

(62.7)

2.28 (57.9)

2.84 (72.1)

3.12 (79.2) 3.73

(94.7) 5.63

(143)

4.13 (104.9)

3.99 (101.3) 3 , 99

(101.3)

3.34 (84.8) 3.59

(91 2)

2.87 (72.9) Source

: The Weather Channel March 7, 2009

Ecology

North Little Owl were studied in the park

Cherry Springs State Park and the surrounding Susquehannock. State Forest were recovered from the depredations of the era of the wood. However, forest composition changed, so there are now more hardwoods, including sugar maple and birch, and less of white pine and hemlock. The park also has an apple orchard CCC. were about 400A birds found in Pennsylvania have been, including 186A back this race in the state. birds such as ospreys, hawks, owls, night owls and bald eagles to forest park and the state, and Little Owl were investigated in the park.

Some animals, the extinct locally have also returned or reintroduced to the area, including deer, elk, fishing (a type of weasel), and otter were. Although banned in the park, is hunting in the surrounding forest that his title again as a ” sportsman’s paradise “in the 20th century allowed. wildlife species including black bears, deer, ducks, ruffed grouse, rabbits, gray squirrels and red, and wild turkeys. Other animals in the park and forest are chipmunks, raccoons, porcupines, marmots and the occasional Bobcat and such as frogs, beetles and butterflies.

A branch of the Hopper House Run in the park and flows east and then north into Pine Creek West Branch. West Branch Road (or Branch Road) follows the valleys of the Title and the power of the Pennsylvania Route 44 East 10Â miles (16A km) Galeton. PA following 44 as the watershed Pine Creek in the north and catchment Sinnemahoning Creek in the south. East Fork Road PA leaves 44 in the park and follows the East Fork Sinnemahoning southwest of Valley Creek 12A miles (19 a km) to the village of Conrad. The two streams are approved trout streams for fishing, that is, they are stocked with trout season.

Dark Skies Arts

The Trifid Nebula (M20) in Sagittarius, as seen enjoying the park

astronomers and astronomers Cherry Springs State Park for the darkness and clarity of the sky so that it is “perhaps the last refuge of the best natural night sky” in the eastern half of the United States. The sky at Cherry Springs is classified as a 2A wide Bortle Dark-Sky, which it does almost no light pollution. This “really dark, the Stars are not available for two thirds of the world, including 99A per cent of employees in the continental United States and Western Europe. “With optimal conditions, 10,000 stars with the naked eye in the park, the clouds appear only as black holes at the stars and the Milky Way is so bright that it casts a shadow visible. In contrast, the residents of big cities will see a dozen stars little better, and also in rural areas tend to only see 2,0003,000 stars. The Milky Way can not be considered by most in the eastern United States, even if there is no moon light to dark.

The quality of the night sky of the park and its growing popularity, the stars are the result of several factors are from. Cherry Springs in the middle of the few developed 262,000 acres (106,000 ha) Susquehannock State Forest, and a 2300-foot peak (701A m) height. Because it is on the Allegheny Plateau, there is no peak block in the sky and offers in the field of astronomy, a 360-degree view. The nearest town is Williamsport, 60a miles (97A km) southeast. Surrounding communities are located in deep valleys, so that the screen produce a large portion of the light, it implies, the park has not Skyglow artificial in any direction. Cherry Springs is usually anti-fog and latitude, in an excellent position, around the galactic center of the Galaxy brings to observe. The distance also means that there is little commercial air traffic disturb astrophotography, while PA Route 44 or offers relatively easy access to the park from Interstate 80

In addition to these natural factors is much purpose in order the sky bright and dark in the park carried out and allows them to stay that way. The park, which were once buried to overhead lines, not to mask the lighting is safe, and all the white lights shall be red and which the least effect on vision have been transformed overnight and astrophotography. The light from passing vehicles is by dikes with grass or shrubs and pines, has the door covered in astronomy a special tarp blocking the light blocked. Dark Sky Park Fund has for many of these improvements since 1999.

Two of the three domes of the astronomy park to prevent that the walls have wind movement during the observation telescopes

Since acquiring 2006a Cherry Springs Airport, a new public programming on the ground established on the former airfield. This field is north-east of PA Route 44 and is for educational programs or stars, but not for those who will spend night. Night observers and those with large astronomical telescopes using the southwest area of road. nocturnal visitors flashlights with red using filters, and can it in pint. The director of astronomy has additional restrictions on fires, and some parts of the park are areas free of light.

To maintain dark skies at Cherry Springs State was Park, Tri-County Rural Electric Company installed protection against light-caps for the lighting outside the home premises free of charge. 2001A in the Pennsylvania General Assembly adopted the “Outdoor Lighting Control Act”, which both have a new park as a “Dark Sky Preserve and minimum necessary and to reduce all lighting systems protected the new state of light pollution. A design guide for the Pennsylvania Wilds region, which includes the park emphasizes the importance of maintaining a black sky. The DCNR spent 6000 in June 2007, the mineral rights now in 1980 Acres (800A ha) of Forest Park and the State to prevent the drilling of natural gas and associated development is.

A wind farm proposed on a site 13.7Â miles (22.0Â km) from Park removed. In Potter County adopted a regulation that turns wind 2008a not “harm the national Preserve Dark Skies at Cherry Springs State Park named. That same year, DCNR has a study on the impact of wind farms, which entered the red lights on the turbines would not affect the darkness of the sky and visible will be contracted directly in the field of astronomy in rare conditions. Others in the astronomical community has challenged those conclusions and fears that new lights on “dozens of wind turbines in the vicinity of the park” degraded observations and astrophotography. The study also recommended that the shield DCNR and the lights in the nearby redirect Denton Hill State Park ski area to make the sky darker at Cherry Springs.

owned dark

The staff of Cherry Springs State Park had no intention of a magnet for amateur Astronomers came to them instead of astronomers. In 1997a and 1998A Chip Harrison, the superintendent, noticed a man looking through a telescope in the park about 1 a clock. When Harrison asked why the man had it coming, “said the astronomer, he had noticed a black spot on the isolated north-central Pennsylvania in the satellite photos in the night. Cherry Springs State Park is in this patch, one of the best places in the east of the Mississippi River at the stars. have begun

A growing number of astronomers to come to Cherry Springs, especially in the dark sky over 14 days around new moon between last quarter and the first quarter phase.