Posts tagged Effect

nutrition strategies are a plethora of options, such as athletes, to improve the performance (Applegate and Grivetti, 1997). Carbohydrate (CHO) are of particular importance for food an athlete (Coyle, 2004) is considered. This is highlighted by a shared attitude of the American College of Sports Medicine, American Dietetic Association and the Canadian Dietetic Association (2000) Nutrition for athletic performance, which makes many concrete recommendations for CHO. It is generally accepted that CHO supplementation during prolonged (> 2 hours), exercise can delay fatigue and improve the performance (Jeukendrup, 2004). The mechanisms that are used to improve the performance thought to be the maintenance of blood glucose and CHO oxidation rates (Coyle, Coggan, Hemmert, & Ivy, 1986) attributed, and savings of glycogen, liver and muscle (Tsintzas & Williams, 1998) .

Some studies have also shown to exercise that intake of CHO during relatively high intensity [> 75% of maximum oxygen uptake (2max)] short (~ 1 h) to improve performance (Ball, Headley, Vanderburgh, & Smith, 1995, El-Sayed, Balmer & Rattue, 1997; Jeukendrup, Brouns, Wagenmakers & Saris, 1997). However, the mechanism by which this improvement occurs unknown. Jeukendrup et al. (1997) estimates that only 5-15 g of exogenous carbohydrate is oxidized during the first hour of exercise. This amount is too small in relation to total production CHO oxidation significantly affect performance. This has led some authors suggest that CHO has a non-metabolism (Ball et al, 1995;. El-Sayed et al, 1997; .. Jeukendrup et al, 1997). Interestingly, intravenous infusion of glucose does not improve 1-h cycle time trial performance, despite the high availability of CHO for oxidation (Carter, Jeukendrup, Mann & Jones, 2004a). These results support the notion that performance improvements are not due to the increased availability of glucose in the blood that you, suggesting a possible role of the mouth and digestive tract of CHO supplementation. It seems plausible that the mouth and gut are considered important in the perception of thirst during exercise; Maresh et al. (2001) reported lower RPE and the feeling of thirst with oral rehydration compared with intravenous rehydration during exercise in the heat.

Carter, Jeukendrup and Jones (2004b) investigated the effect of a mouthwash CHO 1-HR-cycle time trial performance. Cyclists either washed CHO solution or a placebo in the mouth at regular intervals throughout the term of the Clock. This allows researchers to examine the possible impact of the facility CHO, without the influence of its metabolic effects. The improved performance mouthwash CHO time trial of 2.9% (1 min 48 sec), the study compared to placebo. The results of this study, the authors speculate that CHO receptors in the mouth can trigger activation of pleasure centers in the brain and the improvement of the central disk, the working muscles.

Future research should continue to act as the mouth of the CHO to evaluate supplements to gain a better understanding of the complex mechanisms by which exogenous CHO improves performance, high-intensity short-duration

references.

American College of Sports Medicine, American Association of nutritional Canada. (2000). Joint statement. Nutrition and athletic performance. 2130-2145 Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32,.

Applegate, EA, and Grivetti, LE (1997). Search for competitive advantage: a history of nutrition and dietary supplements. Journal of Nutrition, 27, 869S-873S.

Ball, TC, Headley SA, Vanderburgh, PM, & Smith, JC (1995). Periodic replacement of carbohydrates for 50 minutes at high intensity cycling improves subsequent sprint. International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 5, 151-158.

Carter JM, Jeukendrup, AE, Mann, CH, & Jones, DA (2004a). The effect of glucose infusion on glucose kinetics during a 1-on-the-clock in the afternoon. 1543-1550 Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36.

Carter JM, Jeukendrup, AE & Jones, DA (2004b). The effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on the cycle performance trial 1-h. 2107-2111 Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36.

Coyle, EF (2004). Fluid intake and fuel during exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22, p. 39-55.

Coyle, EF, Coggan AR, Hemmert, M, K., & Ivy, JL (1986). Muscle glycogen utilization during prolonged strenuous exercise in the supply of carbohydrates. Journal of Applied Physiology, 61.165-172.

El-Sayed MS, Balmer, J. & Rattue, AJM (1997). Carbohydrate intake improves endurance performance during a 1 h test cycle simulation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 15, 223-230.

Jeukendrup, AE (2004). Carbohydrate intake during exercise and performance. Nutrition, 20, 669-677.

Jeukendrup, AE, Brouns, F., Wagenmakers, AJM, & Saris, WHM (1997). Carbohydrate feedings improve performance H 1 Bike Trial. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 18, 125-129.

Maresh CM, Herrera-Soto JA, Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, Kavouras, SA, FT Hacker et al. (2001). Perceptual responses in the heat after brief intravenous rehydration with oral presentation compared. 1039-1045 Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33.

Tsintzas, K., & Williams, C. (1998). Muscle glycogen metabolism in man during exercise: Influence of carbohydrate supplementation. Journal of Sports Medicine, 25, 7-23.

Performance Food